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Here's another set of numbers.... Remington .338 Ultra Mag 225 grain Nosler - 3,000 fps at the muzzle with a 200 yard zero 2,200 fps @ 500 yards 2400 ft-lb @ 500 yards 36" drop @ 500 yards
So, you see that even shooting an artillery piece (and believe me, the .338 Ultra Mag is an artillery piece) you still need to deal with trajectory when you get to 500 yards..... you can count on gravity to work every time.
The criteria for a 500 yard shot is that it have enough energy at that range to give a clean kill, that the shooter can ACCURATELY determine the range, and that the shooter knows his trajectory. A .223 is fine for prairie dogs, woodchucks, and other small critters at 500 yards. A .30-06 is fine for whitetails at 500 yards. A .338 Win Mag is okay for elk at 500 yards.
The truth, however, is that even with a whole bunch of practice, VERY few shooters will ever be competent shots at anything beyond 300 yards, and most shooters really have a 200 to 250 yard limit. Even with a reasonably comfortable and stable shooting position, your heartbeat is enough disturbance to miss a deer at 300 yards.
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